Abstract

Real-time journey time estimation matters increasingly to the advanced traveller information systems, traffic management systems and route guidance systems that now form part of intelligent transport systems (ITS). The wide international use of ITS has greatly increased access to both historic and real-time data. Estimating bus journey times has attracted the interest of many researchers. The aim of this study is to develop a model for estimating public transport journey times. A review of existing bus journey time models shows that they generally account for passenger waiting time. This study differs in also accounting for the time passengers spend walking to the bus stop. The proposed model was specified using data from five public transport routes in the province of Isparta, Türkiye. The results show that walking time has a material effect on journey time. A simple regression model is presented for journey time estimation, and the findings show that, at least in simple regression models, including walking time gives better estimates.